Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe digestive system emergency characterized by high morbidity and mortality, with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple signaling pathways. Among them, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of AP, influencing pancreatic inflammation, fibrosis, microcirculatory regulation, and interactions with other signaling pathways. Studies have shown that inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway can effectively alleviate AP severity, reduce inflammatory cytokine levels, and improve pancreatic microcirculation, offering new therapeutic insights and potential strategies for AP treatment. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the structure and function of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, explores its mechanistic role in AP progression, and further discusses its potential clinical applications. By integrating existing research findings, this paper aims to provide new perspectives on the role of this signaling pathway in AP and offer a theoretical foundation for future basic research and clinical applications.