Reoperation for thyroid disease is not uncommon and associated with high risk, constituting a significant challenge in clinical practice. This consensus, developed based on international evidence and Chinese clinical practice, systematically addresses the causes and classification, indications, timing, preoperative assessment, surgical approaches, key techniques, as well as comprehensive postoperative management and follow-up of thyroid reoperations. The expert panel emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration, precise evaluation, and individualized treatment, aiming to minimize surgical risks, enhance patient outcomes, and provide evidence-based guidance for informed clinical decision-making.